Memory Process Paper Essay

I played the game Trivial Pursuit and so as to dominate this match it came down to me securing to respond to one inquiry. I really focused genuinely hard attempting to recall this specific answer. The inquiry asked about a specific mountain I in no way, shape or form knew about or could recall finding out about. This paper will portray the convictions of working memory, short-run memory, long-standing memory, the piece of scrambling, notwithstanding the effortlessness of recuperation in the memory progress. I took an interest on an online recognition test, Speed Match and Memory Matrix, to survey my momentary memory. The test comprised of memory precision and visual memory. Ideas of Functioning Memory, Short, and Long-Span Memory Long-length memory and limited ability to focus have two different phases of capacity (Cowan, 2001). There is an arrangement of limit and term in the limited ability to focus. In limited capacity to focus information can be confined for a couple of moments, before the drawn out memory has gotten it. Long haul memory information can be gotten, when handling information in momentary memory right away. The recollections framework attempts to hold memories, in an all-inclusive timeframe, and even always would be viewed as an extensive stretch of memory. Long-range memory is gathered of in excess of a couple of various modules: semantic memory, procedural memory, wordy memory, and revelatory memory. Explanatory memory is memory of precise information. For instance, significant dates, for example, commemoration and birthday, names of people, and faces of individuals would be viewed as decisive memory. Procedural memory is recognition for propensities and aptitude. For instance, bicycle riding or figuring out how to hurl a football would be viewed as a procedural memory. Semantic memory is maintenance for all inclusive comprehension and insights regarding the world, furthermore toâ reminiscence for the rules of judgment that are utilized to accept different real factors. For instance, perusing a section in an instructive course reading material is viewed as semantic memory. Rambling memory is memory for events that come to pass in a particular spot, setting, or time. Speed Match and Memory Matrix Results I took an online memory test from the Lumosity Internet webpage that developed memory estimating tests called speed match and memory lattice. These tests are clearly a clinically planned proportion of scholarly execution that rehearses and unidentified selective strategy to decipher game outcomes into some recommendation of intellectual significance (Lumosity, 2013). The speed match and memory grid tests are likewise viewed as utilized as â€Å"Assessment,† which give scores grounded on execution, yet gives without question no explanation of those scores. Speed Match comprises of utilization to think quicker than typical rate, having quicker reaction time, climbing the speed of their intellectual preparing, and practicing their working memory. My score in speed coordinate was 210, which implied normal precision in speed memory. The goal was to recall the images, yet to answer quickly. It was anything but an especially entertaining game to play, however on the other hand a round is sensibly short, so I didn't have a lot of time to contribute attempting to advance on my past scores. At the same time, it isn't generally obvious to me if playing this game could really â€Å"speed up my subjective processes.† There were a rich measure of motivation based jerk games. For instance, this game had side-looking over intergalactic shooters that were utilized to assume control over the arcade segment, which were more animating and had more replay evaluation than Speed Match. These games were similarly as equipped for aiding quicker reasoning and having speedier reaction times. Memory Matrix comprises of the utilization in learning individuals’ names just because, maintenance the name of someone you have met, and practicing your working memory. My outcome in the memory network game was 935, which implied better than expected in reviewing realities. The Lumosity Internet webpage harped more on the significance of face-name recognition, which at last fell off, somewhat gimmicky, contrasted with my above survey on speed coordinate. In any case, while the accentuation on human faces in Memory Matrix was somewhat in excess of an engaging catch, the procedure behind the game ensuresâ the realities of having a built up instrument for improving working memory. Studies have uncovered that participating in sensible physical action quickly can lift flanker test reaction time. Job of Encrypting and Retrieval in the Recollection Method When material has been encoded and taken care of in memory, it must be recuperated so as to be placed being used. Recognition recuperation is noteworthy in for all intents and purposes each period of day by day living, from reviewing where your vehicle is left to new aptitudes of learning. Within reach are various viewpoints that can affect how memories are recouped from long-length memory. With the point of completely fathoming this strategy, it is noteworthy to talk about increasingly about accurately what is recovery notwithstanding the different highlights that can impact how memories are recuperated. Recognition memory contains the memory being recreated, every now and again utilizing reasonable structures, fractional memories, depictions or indications. For instance, composing a reaction on a school test routinely involves remembering bits on information, at that point subsequent to rebuilding or scrambling the proceeding with information established on these restricted memories. Memory recovery incorporates perceiving figures in the wake of interacting with it once more. Memory recovery incorporates correcting oneself with data that was once in the past educated. This much of the time makes it calm to recall and recover information in the up and coming future notwithstanding improving the solid purpose of memories. Regardless of the reality it might be maddening or unpleasant, examine has uncovered that these contributions are hugely shared, naturally emerging at any rate twice every week for most youthful people and three to five times each week for more established grown-ups (Cowan, 2001). In a few conditions, people can even recall points of interest, for example, the fundamental letter that a sentence starts with (LaBar and Cabeza, 2006). Survey Variables Connected no sweat of Recovery The three principle autonomous factors in my analysis with memory lattice and speed test were free review, signaled review, and acknowledgment (Cowan, 2001). My reliant variable from these tests comprises of the quantity of words I accurately recollected. My memory test ran having an inside subjects structure, which involved of three various arrangements of 22 things, each graphed by an assorted sort of memory test. I framed a connection between the objective words and their particular prompts. At that point, when the signs were introduced to me in the test stage, I depended on these relationship to help me in reviewing the objective words. End There are various periods of memory acknowledgment, from observation to tactile memory, to limited capacity to focus, and long-range memory. Memory is the capacity to scramble or encode, gather and recall data. The three fundamental practices many-sided in the human memory are capacity, encoding, and memory (recovery). Moreover, the act of memory affiliation is viewed as either part of the encoding or scrambling process or the capacity method, which is comprehended as a disconnected procedure. References Speed Match and Memory Matrix. (2013). Lumosity. Recovered from: http://www.lumosity.com/application/v4/dashboard Cowan, N. (2001). â€Å"The mysterious number 4 in transient memory: A reevaluation of mental capacity capacity†. Conduct and Brain Sciences 24: 97â€185. LaBar K.S., and Cabeza R. (2006). â€Å"Cognitive neuroscience of enthusiastic memory†. Nature Audits Neuroscience 7: 54â€64. Carver L.J. and Bauer P.J. (2001). â€Å"The unfolding of a past: The development of long haul unequivocal memory in infancy†. Diary of Experimental Psychology: General 130: 726â€745.

Strategies Of Electronic Commerce Over The Need Of Business Deals

Questions: 1.Analyse the present site and define an E-Commerce usage procedure. Web based business usage procedure should consider all the administrations and highlights of the site? 2.If the business needs to expansive its business exercises and enters to the worldwide market, what zones must be considered so as to changing from national web based business site to a universal one? Answers: Prologue to E-trade Point: To get top to bottom information on E-trade working and how the business runs. It plans to characterize the job of utilizing electronic trade on the business extension and perceives the type(s) of business model(s). This will likewise assist with understanding the procedures and the procedure of installments done to improve the framework. This will likewise brilliant up the strategies utilized by organizations to oversee better client relationship. Presentation: By this report on E-trade site, we would get inside and out information on the working and working of the site. We would likewise view its points of interest and downsides. The E-trade business these days produces a ton of incomes and offers quite a bit of its salary to government in type of assessments forced by it. This business encourages the country to create itself. This report will attempt to cover the vast majority of the subjects and attempt to give the best input. 1. To contemplate the circumstance well, we would examine the handling and working of ozsale.com.au, an Australian E-business site notable for its style and clothing merchandise. This site is viewed as the best in its portion and is overall well known as well. It has its scopes to Asia, Europe, America and a lot more places. They have a magnificent client input about their administrations and merchandise. OZSALE is Australias No. 1 E-business site, most clients originates from the Female Sector, no miracles about this, as they offer an assortment of value Womens style attire at a simple cost. This procedure helped them to pick up the notoriety they have in the market at the present time. OZSALE (ozsale.com.au) is an ensured web based business website and isn't a cheat. Ozsale, to appeal more clients, utilizes an extremely essential methodology that they give their enrolled clients to procure cash for themselves by including them to carry future clients to them. For each client they make register and a buy, they acquire $20 which can be utilized for their shopping of over $20, giving them an extra markdown of half for their buy. For this reason they make the clients to interface over straightforward use. The landing page of the site, regardless of whether on a PC or a cell phone, is benevolent to utilize. The framework shows you the alternative of search and attempts to make sense of your prerequisite well. From more than 5 Cr. Items, it exhibit you the one which matches best with your inquiry. Ozsale additionally has a devoted group to get you out with any issue, regardless of whether it is from looking through something or to connect about your shipment subtleties, at the same time structure the client care staff. Lets talk about how the framework functions. At whatever point you look for your label word, the framework dispatches its committed internet searcher around the items that matches with your label words. From the most recent to the most selling, all are being transmitted to your interesting IP. The page stacked by you gets all the data diverted from the host server. From over yonder, you get the information transferred with it. At whatever point you keep an item aside in your truck or list of things to get, the survey framework connects it with your profile, for future references that coordinates your list of things to get. The list of things to get is an extraordinary element for your profile which has been utilized by a large portion of the web based business destinations that empowers you to look through the items you prior chose. It is one of the methodologies utilized by online business website. The list of things to get spares the information about your hunt and attempts to disc over additionally coordinating items that you might want to buy. Its like an ad dependent on your ongoing inquiries shown up at whatever point you visits the item once more. The pack is likewise a significant thing used to make buys on the web. It sends the solicitation to process the request to be started to the server and from that point the subtleties are being coordinated to the item so it could be set up for dispatch with no misstep. The organization sends you special messages with the insights about your request. The business contains very circling process where errors can happen and make incredible misfortune organization. The technique ought to be parody verification and successful in the market to continue the opposition. Ozsale utilizes an incredible system of purchasers to get the items at a low cost and exchanges it to clients at a climbed cost with a wide range of assignments. This makes them to get the benefit and to be kept in their cash and furthermore to give the assessments forced on them to government. The Ozsale business is running on an extraordinary methodology, of purchasing an incredible number of items at a low cost and afterward exchanging them to customers at a climbed value like each business runs. To draw in buyers, Ozsale day by day sends to every enrolled client in regards to the deals sorted out by them. This empowers over a million clients to snatch the offer and by this according to the accomplish orders. The organization is doing extraordinary in the market since it stepped in the opposition because of its reliability to the clients and the quality which they guarantee at an exceptionally low cost. 2. Dealing with the clients .When the inquiry comes to how to oversee a huge number of clients at the same time or how to monitor requests to be sent and what are being conveyed, the arrangement comes in type of different coordinations and SCM (Supply Chain Management). The Ozsale has figured out how to step its branches out of Australia as well. Ozsale has a considerable lot of its clients from everywhere throughout the globe. The organization utilizes advance degree of coordinations to track all its working and terms of utilization. SCM causes them to refresh customers in regards to offers, supplies, and new stock to show up. This gives them the reward of advertizing according to the buys they made. SCM encourages them to purchase items from discount retailer at an extremely low value that could be sold at a climbed cost to procure a lot of benefit. We as a whole know about the sort of benefit earned by all internet business destinations. Ozsale relies generally on commercial. This has assisted with making them an International organization instead of being a National organization. They publicize the business 1-3 days before the deal to draw in the greatest number of clients that can be brought to their deal. The deal wins an incredible benefit in initial 48 hours as 60% of stock gets wrapped up at that point winning the organization more than it had spent. To benefit exchange to purchasers the organization must have an incorporated installment passage in the site itself. After you continue to checkout from pack, you get alternative of how to pay for the buy. The organization utilizes its own one of a kind installment door. Each organization utilizes SSL encryption to process this installment door as it guarantees security and no misrepresentation assurance to the client. The page scrambles the vital financial sources of info and sidetracks the cash to the organization and permitting the request to complete for shipment. The SSL framework is a complex calculated based entryway opened from banking site. The financial band together with the online business webpage guarantees the installment to the record of the organization. The information of credit or platinum cards are rarely shared or spilled to anybody, on account of the security gave by SSL. This is an extraordinary element to any online business webpage as this empowers outside cli ents from around the world to similarly partake and profit the shopping experience from any website, regardless of whether it is from their nation or from other. Particularly, places where money down is viewed as a superior alternative over net banking, SSL installment entryway guarantee them security and no extortion should be possible. At the point when the deal gets over, the official group haggles with the brand accomplices to benefit them with amount of items to different distribution centers far and wide. This is where the organization makes a space for their benefit and figures out how to purchase the items at any rate consumption and prosper the business well. After the request is done, the subtleties are sent to the closest of the stockrooms from the area of conveyance. The stockroom profits the bundling to the item and the quality check guarantees that the correct item is going for dispersion. The distribution centers of Ozsale are situated in USA, UK, Australia, New Zeala nd, China, Malaysia and Singapore covering pretty much all aspects of the globe to guarantee conveyance of request to each client from the world. The distribution center breaks down the request and sends the item to be conveyed. The conveyance is another extraordinary part of any business as the conveyance time decides the temperament of client and guarantees his/her future buys. Ozsale for the most part conveys the request to its clients in a greatest time length of 21 days, yet the official group consistently views the alternatives to cut this postpone time as much as possible be to guarantee the soonest conveyances conceivable. As indicated by surveys on productreview.com.au, Ozsale accomplish 4 star rating for its quality, working, conveyance and after deals administration. To extend any business around the world, this highlights are must. This fantastic business in web based business website is testing yet with procedures received by Ozsale and its administrations, one can arri ve at extreme stature of achievement. References- Nissanoff, Daniel 2006, FutureShop: How the New Auction Culture Will Revolutionize the Way We Buy, Sell and Get the Things We Really Want (hardcover ed.). The Penguin Press. ISBN 1-59420-077-7. 246 pp. Kotler, Philip 2009, Marketing Management. Pearson: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-81-317-1683-0.

Comparative Health Policy and Outcomes of Breast Cancer Care in The United States versus Germany - Free Essay Example

Cancer is a collection of related diseases where some of the body’s cells begin to divide out of control and spread throughout the body. The normally orderly process of cell division becomes unchaperoned, meaning cells can divide and avoid death with nothing to stop them. Cancer can start anywhere in the body, but for the purposes of this paper, I will be focusing on cancer of the breast. This type of cancer normally begins as a lump in the breast tissue of men and women, and if not detected early, it can quickly spread to other tissues of the body (most commonly the lymph nodes). You can lower your risk for breast cancer through a myriad of lifestyle factors, but while there is no set cure for cancer, breast cancer is a very treatable disease if caught early. Imaging such as X-rays, mammograms, and tomography are all ways to catch breast cancer, followed by treatment options such as radiation, chemotherapy, or the more drastic mastectomy. Specialists typically needed through the stages of screening, diagnostics, and treatment include gynecologists, imaging technicians, radiologists, oncologists, surgeons, and nurses. Treatments for women with breast cancer vary depending on the stage they are diagnosed in, with higher survival rates the earlier the cancer is found (as well as some genetic factors that I consider too in-depth for this paper). At stage I, the cancer is still contained in the breast tissue and will normally be treated with breast-conserving surgery along with a check of the nearby lymph nodes, followed by some type of radiation therapy to lessen the chance of the cancer returning. At stage II, the cancer is normally larger than stage I and has spread to a few nearby lymph nodes. This stage will normally be treated with surgery and radiation therapy similar to stage I, but with the addition of chemotherapy. At stage III, the tumor is large and has begun spreading to lymph nodes and nearby tissues. The normal treatment at this stage can either be chemotherapy followed by surgery followed by radiation therapy, or surgery first followed by chemotherapy followed by radiation. Finally, at stage IV, the cancer has spread to various parts of the body and is normally treated with various systemic drug therapies along with surgery and radiation (1). While the level of prevention, screening, and treatment varies slightly from country to country, so do the health care policies that dictate the responsibility of the patient versus the specialist versus the institution. In this paper, I will be discussing the health care organization differences between United States and Germany when it comes to preventing, screening, and treating breast cancer, as well as the associated outcomes when it comes to remission and mortality rates. United States In the United States, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer, with over an estimated 266,000 new cases in 2018 so far (which constitutes over 15% of all new cancer cases), with a median age of diagnosis of 62 years of age. Breast cancer also accounts for almost 7% of all cancer deaths, with over 40,000 deaths reported in 2018 so far, with a median age of death of 68 years of age. It also has a 5-year survival rate of just under 90%. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, while breast cancer diagnoses are fairly consistent between non-Hispanic, white, and black women (followed by minority populations of Asian, Hispanic, and American Indian), black women are much more likely to die from the disease than all other races/ethnicities (2). In 2014, the percentages of breast cancer diagnoses at each stage were roughly 66% localized (or stage I/II) and 33% regional/distant (or stage III/IV) with the remaining 1% being unstaged (3). The largest determinant of the stage at diagnosis is preventative measures such as routine screening. According to the American Cancer Society, for women with an average risk of breast cancer, it is currently recommended in the United States to have yearly mammogram screening starting at age 45 (with an option to begin at 40), and transition to biennial mammograms starting at age 55. In the United States, cancer treatments and preventative measures have been affected most recently by the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted in 2010. Under the ACA, private insurance companies cannot limit how much they cover during the course of your lifetime. In the past, private insurers could cap their coverage, meaning the patient was responsible for all cancer treatment costs afterwards. Also, preventative screenings, such as mammograms every year or two for women over 40 are now fully covered, meaning the patient does not pay anything. For the actual cancer treatments after the initial diagnosis, out-of-pocket expenses will apply to the patient, but the amount of these expenses will vary depending on the type of insurance program the patient has (if any). The main types of insurance range from private (HMO and PPO), savings accounts (FSA and HSA), and government-sponsored (Medicare and Medicaid). In terms of biases in the United States, the main three are access, cost, and education. A large part of preventative screening and treatment for breast cancer has to do with having a qualified location that people can get to. In rural, or sometimes even urban areas, these places are not easily accessible. The working hours of these qualified locations may also hinder a person from getting screening or treatment if the location is not open on evenings or weekends. The cost of care is also a large bias in this system. While screenings are now completely covered, most people do not realize that there is a timeline between screening and diagnosis. The mammogram might find an abnormality, but the next steps would include further imaging like ultrasound, as well as biopsies, to determine if the abnormality is cancer or not. These further tests are not covered under the â€Å"preventative screening† for insurance companies, and patients will have to pay out-of-pocket for whatever pe rcentage their insurance doesn’t cover. In terms of education bias, there are many people who a) do not know how often they are supposed to be screened, and b) do not realize that screenings are free and/or the steps following are not fully covered. Socioeconomic status also plays a role in United States cancer care. Wealthier people can afford the best health care plans in the country, meaning more of their costs of treatment will be covered before they have to pay out-of-pocket expenses. Those closer to the poverty line who may be on government-sponsored insurance will have to pay more out-of-pocket expenses to receive the same treatment. This may cause people to have an extremely large financial burden, or not receive treatment at all. One important aspect to note about the United States cancer system is that providers will give any type of treatment they deem necessary to each patient, regardless of cost, which aids to the United States’ healthcare costs increasing. While racism between patient and provider might not have a large role in United States cancer care, race itself does play a role. As stated earlier, new cases being diagnosed between white and black women is fairly comparable. However, the death rate among black women with breast cancer is much higher. The main reason for this is that black women are far more likely to be diagnosed at a later, deadlier stage. A few factors that are behind this go along with the structural biases of access and socioeconomic status in regards to screening and treatment, but also their higher likelihood of having dense breast tissue, making it more difficult for providers to find the cancer even if they do get their recommended screenings. Policy-making in terms of United States cancer care has become much more patient-centered in the recent years. There is much more collaboration between specialists when it comes to treatment, and patients have much more say in what treatment they receive. In 2010, the United States spent about $125 billion on cancer care, with breast cancer accounting for 13% of all direct medical spending on cancer (4). With medical treatments shifting from more volume-based to more value-based, the expense of the newest and best technologies used in cancer care also have to be taken into account. This means even more spending per person on treatment and drug costs. Many states have tried to at least pass laws to keep the cost of some life-saving cancer drugs under a certain price, to make them more accessible to all patients. Germany According to the American Institute for Cancer Research and the World Cancer Research Fund, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and the second most common cancer in general (5). There were over 2 million new cases in 2018. Outlined in Table 1 are the top 25 countries with the most prevalent rates for the diagnosis of breast cancer in 2018. The United States and Germany are quite similar in rates of new breast cancer cases. In contrast to the U.S., the breast cancer screening program in Germany covers mammography screening (at no cost) for all women between the ages of 50 and 69, every two years (6). Although mammography does not provide any prevention for breast cancer, the objective is to detect the cancer at the smallest, earliest stage, providing for the best possible treatment and increasing the chances of survival. The costs are covered by statutory health insurers (i.e. single payer system). If imaging results show abnormalities, additional imaging or other tests are then required to finalize a diagnosis. This additional imaging may include ultrasound scans or Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the breast, and are often enough to exclude a diagnosis of breast cancer. If such additional testing does not provide peace of mind, typically a biopsy of the breast tissue is required. Breast cancer screening in the German population, yields approximately 2 cancers per 1,000 women screened (Figure 3). This data refers to the actual outcomes of one mammogram. Female participants in Germany’s breast cancer screening program may receive a total of up to ten free mammograms throughout their lifetime. It’s possible that the woman could have abnormal results subsequent to any of their screening mammography tests. While breast cancer screening is paid for on this limited basis, treatment differs from the U.S. in that German patients do not have as much control in their tre atment decisions. Similar to the U.S., about 5 out of 6 women who are diagnosed with breast cancer, have developed an invasive tumor. If left untreated, the invasive type of tumor often metastasizes to other areas/organs of the body. About 1 out of every 6 women diagnosed with breast cancer have diseased breast tissue referred to as a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The DCIS describes the abnormal cells that have developed in the milk ducts. This also means that the breast cancer cells have not spread beyond that area. In some patients, DCIS remains harmless while in others, it advances into an invasive tumor. Because no one can predict how or when the DCIS will remain intact or harmless, patients are usually advised to pursue recommended treatment (7). When a diagnosis of breast cancer is finalized, treatment depends principally on the progression of the cancer. Most women are counseled to have the tumor surgically removed along with some of the surrounding tissue. Those with advanced stage or larger tumors, may be advised to proceed with removal of the whole breast (mastectomy). Following surgical excision, additional treatment options may include radiotherapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy. The most appropriate treatment methodology, hinges on the exact diagnosis. According to a German study of out-of-pocket-payments (OOPS) and the financial burden on German breast cancer patients, they often face payments related to their disease or treatment which are not covered by their health insurance. This study concluded that German cancer patients face relatively high OOPPs during their cancer journey. These payments may burden cancer patients, especially certain subgroups like low-income patients (8). In Germany, OOPPs are used in the health care system mainly for three reasons. First, they provide some financial relief to the governmental health insurance system by having patients responsible to offset some of the cost. Secondly, they raise the efficiency of medical services by allocating them only to medically justifiable cases (as determined by panels of Medical Necessity experts). Finally, the third, OOPPs help to reduce the risk of â€Å"moral hazard† which occurs when individuals access health services without medical necessity, simply because they do not have to pay for the services directly. Unfortunately, other studies have shown that OOPPs may cause inequities in the use of health care services by German breast cancer patients; the system of overburdening certain subgroups stems from preventing patients from using beneficial medical services or treatment because they simply cannot afford the expense. That same risk group may ultimately change their adherence to established treatment plans by rationing medications, choosing more radical treatments (i.e. mastectomy which would allow them to possibly skip radiation or chemotherapy), or skipping follow up examinations to reduce OOPPs. Germany’s single payer system covers approximately 87% of the German population. While the balances of patients are covered under other private insurers, all are entitled to medical services under German control. Similar to U.S. health insurers, patients are responsible for health services or treatments that are not covered by insurance and deductibles. There are also other structural biases related to certain threshold caps for any coverage. Financial burdens not only affect patients on an economic basis, but may also influence the psychological well-being. The term â€Å"financial toxicity† has been used to describe this combination where patients are forced to opt towards the most economical decision rather than the best treatment decision. Discussion/Conclusions Figure 4 takes a look at how spending on healthcare in the United States compares to other countries that are similarly large and wealthy, such as Germany (based on GDP and GDP per capita). In proportion to the size of its capital, the U.S. spends an unbalanced amount on health care. As expected, wealthier countries typically spend more per person on health care and the associated costs than countries with lower incomes. However, the U.S. spends more on health care per person than other high income countries. Per person, health spending in the U.S. was over $10,000 in 2016 – 90% higher than Germany (and 31% higher than the next highest-spending country per capita, Switzerland). Typically, other high income countries spend around half as much on health per person than the U.S. does. In recent years, health spending growth has slowed in the U.S. and Germany, related mainly due to value based practices taking importance over volume based practices. However, while the U.S. has similar public spending, its private sector spending is nearly 5 times that of Germany (Figure 5). When asking to think of the â€Å"perfect balance† of policies between the United States and Germany, Markus Holzhauer, MD, a board certified diagnostic radiologist specializing in mammography working locally at Windsong Radiology Group and a dual citizen of the U.S. and Germany says â€Å"The easy answer in theory is the Solidarity Principle, which is the foundation of 90% of healthcare coverage for which the citizens in Germany receive. It only works with a mandate for health insurance coverage because it aims to fundamentally share both the advantages, i.e. prosperity, and the burdens equally and justly among members. When we talk about social solidarity in healthcare, we are talking about providing equity and social solidarity through pooling of risks and funds.† The U.S. may not yet be ready to create one public health fund with adequate resources to plan for, and effectively meet, health needs of the entire population, not just for a selected few who can afford it†¦but the debate will continue.

Essay on Emily Bronte Illusion and Reality - 3043 Words

A consideration of how Emily Bronte, Tennessee Williams and Shakespeare consider the notion of illusion and reality in the context of a love story. Wuthering Heights follows the Romantic Movement, a movement within literature during the late 18th century with captured intense emotion and passion within writing as opposed to rationalisation. Emily Bronte’s main focal point within the novel is the extreme emotion of love and whether it leads to the characters contentment or ultimate calamity. This confliction of love is portrayed mainly through Catherine Earnshaw, a contemptuous, spoiled beauty whose metaphysical love for the protagonist, Heathcliff, will be tested by her disillusion of Edgar Linton and the social and financial benefits he†¦show more content†¦As Cathy behaves mannerly and immaculate to conceal her true spiritual energy, Blanche behaves exactly the same with her frail image and glamour disguising not only her loss of wealth from the ancestral building the Belle Reve, but also to maintain a youthful image that men would have sexual attraction and admiration for. Blanches constant self-absorption is apparent through her selfishness of â€Å"soaking in the hot-tub† and â€Å"her little weakness† of perpetual need to be â€Å"looking wonderful†. Catherine similarly becomes self-absorbed with the idea of becoming â€Å"the greatest woman in the neighbourhood† so like Blanche she harbours herself from a young girl into a woman with pristine physical appearance to capture social benefits. Upon this transition within Catherine she advocates her superiority over Heathcliff by stating he is a â€Å"bleak, hilly, coal country† harshly contrasting him against her new companion, Edgar, who appears a â€Å"beautiful, fertile valley†. In relation to David Cecil’s theory the environment Cathy associates her best friends with mirrors the true nature of the storm and the calm. 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The American Workplace Has Changed Its Structure And...

Yaniris Tavera Soc of Work SOC 362-OL-010 Final Assignment As the American workplace has adapted its structure and culture to outside forces, the adaptations (such as location of jobs, changes in needed job skills, and organizational restructuring) have had an impact on employees and their families. Describe the way these adaptations have affected workers and families and analyze the responses of workers and families. Work and its role in society has become the subject of considerable public commentary and debate in recent years. Work, for many Americans, has changed significantly over the past 25 years. Some people believe that the world of work is changing so thoroughly and quickly that we should consider ourselves pioneers of a new historical era. Some say that the idea of a job has become antiquated. Thirty-eight percent of Americans report some tension between their work and home lives. 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Correlation of Extracurricular activities and Student performance Essay Example For Students

Correlation of Extracurricular activities and Student performance Essay Correlation of Extracurricular activities and Student performance BY LOUNY143 l. Intoduction At the beginning of the twenty-first century, many colleges and universities have a broad educational mission: to develop the whole student. On college campuses, extracurricular involvement is a key tool in this personal development. For the majority of college and university students, involvement in extracurricular activities plays an integral role in the collegiate experience. Students become involved in extracurricular activities not only for entertainment, social, and enjoyment purposes, but most important, to gain and improve skills. A wide and diversified range of extracurricular activities exists on U. S. campuses, meeting a variety of student interests. Extracurricular activities play an essential role in education, but their importance is often neglected. The primary role of the Division is to provide a good space for the development of student clubs and associations. In the operation of associations, students may acquire knowledge and skills beyond their coursework, including communication, self-growth as well as leadership management. Academics are an important part of each students high school years, especially since high school rades play an integral role in college acceptance. Parents spend a lot of time encouraging their teens to study more and play less in the pursuit of this goal. They believe that devoting a great deal of time to studying guarantees success in future college applications. However, there is another more playful component of a well-rounded education outside the regular academic program that may positively impact students success. Extracurricular activities, such as basketball, baseball, tennis, debating, chess clubs, student government, yearbook, drama, choir and computer clubs can round out students academic careers to great effect. Besides being fun and a great way to socialize with peers, extracurricular activities can enhance students time management and stress management skills, improving overall productivity. Extracurricular activities also increase a candidates appeal when applying to college. Studies show that students in extracurricular activities have higher scores. They learn to manage their time, relieve stress and learn to strive for excellence in more than one thing, says Kenny Smith, a school counselor in Thatcher, Arizona. Students who are involved in team sports learn to work in groups. Their written and oral communication skills improve. These things cross over into real life. The students who participate in extracurricular activities are held to a higher plane. There are no team breaks. The privilege must meet specific requirements. Participation in extracurricular activities is a privilege and students may have to meet and maintain a minimum grade point average to play sports or take part in clubs. So says Parent Spot, produced by the Capital Region BOCES Community Service in Albany, N. Y. Some extracurricular programs are designed to help at-risk teens. One program, Students Keeping Attitudes Towards Earnlng Rewards ana success ( -J, In Moreno valley, callTornla, Involves tutoring, academics, running a food pantry, and participatin g in service learning activities. To make it easier for students to participate, the group meets at lunchtime rather than after school. Having started with 20 at-risk students, there are now as many as 500 participants per year. Faye Arco is the counselor who started the SKATERS program. She says, Participation in extracurricular and school club activities increases resiliency in youth by promoting protective factors and reducing risk factors. Data shows that participants have a higher GPA (0. 98 percent), fewer suspensions (13. 9 percent), and better attendance (15. 8 percent) than non- participants. Counselors come from as far away as New Zealand and Poland to observe the program, which has now been implemented in many schools. Adding extracurricular activities to an already rigorous high school schedule can be tricky. There may be times when academic requirements, family life and social activities conflict. For example, kids who participate in tennis must prioritize how they use their time, says Smith. He tells the story of one student who had a conflict between n algebra class and a tennis match. Being proactive, she worked out a way to attend the match and still keep up with her algebra class lectures. Despite the time and effort involved in extracurricular activities, there are clear rewards in the form of fun and enhanced life skills. But theres also the fact that college admission officers are generally impressed by a students extracurricular activities. Parent Spot notes, College admissions officers are looking for students who have applied themselves academically during the high school years and have used their free time in enriching ays A roster of extracurricular activities lets colleges know that teens have made a meaningful contribution to something larger than themselves, can maintain long- term commitments and can Juggle their priorities successfully. How do colleges view the extracurricular activities chosen by a high school student? The activities offer colleges a snapshot of a students personality and interests. Parent Spot notes, The activities that teens choose to take part in outside of the classroom tell prospective schools much more than grades on paper. Overall, students who articipate in extracurricular activities will likely see an improvement in their academic and life skills, including disci pline, goal-setting, teamwork, accountability and responsibility. They will also find themselves better prepared for post-secondary education. Ultimately, students may even discover that the lessons they learned outside the classroom, in basketball or chess club, help them cope with future challenges in the workplace. A. Rationale The Importance of Extra-curricular Activities in educational institutions All work and no play make Jack a dull boy, reads the proverb which carries a lot of eight age. Hence in educational institutions also children must not be a part of only the academic world but must be encouraged to participate in extra-curricular activities. It might happen that some children might not be good in academics but has a lot of potential in other activities. So it is the responsibility of every educational institution to encourage children to marshal their skills by allowing them to partlclpate In tne extra-curricular actlvltles tnat tney are good In All work ana no play make Jack a dull boy, reads the proverb which carries a lot of weight age. Hence in ducational institutions also children must not be a part of only the academic world but must be encouraged to participate in extra-curricular activities. It might happen that some children might not be good in academics but has a lot of potential in other activities. So it is the responsibility of every educational institution to encourage children to marshal their skills by allowing them to participate in the extra-curricular activities that they are good in. Extra-curricular activities must be made a mandatory part of the curriculum as it enhances the all round development in a child. A childs growth depends upon many factors and one such factor is his participation in co- curricular activities. Schools must have these activities in order to promote healthy learning on the school premises and for each child to understand and know his strong points. Extra- curricular activities can be divided under different banners such as Literary, Sports, Creative, Science and Field Trips. Under the Literary Banner, activities like Elocution, Drama, Extempore, Declamation, Creative Writing, Spell bee, Quizzes can be organized and children who have a good command over the language r has the flair to write, are updated with the current affairs can be motivated to participate in these literary co- curricular activities. Children who are good sportsmen can take part in various sports activities organized by the school. A school may organize a football competition and may invite other schools to participate in the competition. This provides a lot of scope for the children to show their sportsman spirit and give their best to win the game and make their school proud. Moreover such participation creates a healthy atmosphere among children and they get to now each other well. Extra-curricular activities under the Creative banner may include pottery making, puppetry, learning how to play a musical instrument, displaying skills in dance and singing and many such activities that highlight the hidden talents of a learner. Similarly children can be also encouraged to participate in interesting activities related to Science. They might be asked to organize a Science Exhibition that may bring out the interest and the enthusiasm of each child in setting up the exhibition. These activities might allow the child to take more interest in his essons and might give him a chance to go ahead with some sort of useful research that will help him to come across something new. Children can also apply the gained knowledge in working out other things. All students may not be good in academics. Hence in order to guide them to display the talents in the field that they are good in, educational institutions must have this platform called Extra-curricular activity. Every child is unique and born with a talent, so what other way can be the best than to showcase it through this platform called Extra-curricular Activity. B. Statement of the Problem Title: The Correlation of Extra-curricular Activities on the Academic Performance of NORSU-CASED Students 1 . Is there any significance of extra-curricular activities in the academic performance of the students? 2. To determine the benefits of extra- curricular activities to class participation of the students. 3. To determine the characteristics that will be developed when students engage to activities specifically : a sports/aance b) Music 4. To determine how extra-curricular activities enhance school engagement affect the lives of the students . C. Scope and Limitation The D. Significance of the Study The importance of extracurricular activities on college campuses is well established. The primary goals of extracurricular activities focus on the individual student level, the institutional level, and the broader community level. Social Identity in the Breakfast Club EssayIntroduction A new generation of leaders is needed to address the changing issues facing local ommunities, build local partnerships, and assume leadership positions (Ewing, Bruce, Ricketts, 2009). To meet this need, many institutions of higher education have included leadership development in their mission statements (Astin Astin, 2000; Boatman, 1999) and implemented curricular experiences, classroom experiences, and out-of-classroom experiences to meet leadership outcomes. Astin (1999) suggests the concept of student involvement as a pedagogical theory to examine the student experience and learn more about how educational programs and policies are related to student achievement and development. Journal of Leadership Education Volume 12, Issue 2 Summer 2013 57 Researchers and practitioners use involvement theory (Astin, 1999) as a theoretical framework for student involvement, including classroom, out-of-classroom, and curricular activities. Astin (1996) defined involvement as an investment of physical and psychological energy that occurs along a continuum and has both quantitative (e. g. , time spent) and qualitative (e. g. , amount of focus or depth) features. Astin aescrlDea an Involved student as one wno devotes conslaeraDle energy to stuaylng, pends much time on campus, participates actively in student organizations, and interacts frequently with faculty members and other students (p. 518). Astins theoretical framework helps explain empirical knowledge about environmental influences on student development from a variety of psychosocial and learning pedagogies. Research supports Astins (1999) involvement theory. Pascarella and Terenzini (1991) found that the frequency and quality of students participation in activities was associated with high educational aspirations, enhanced self-confidence, and increased interpersonal and leadership skills. Rubin, Bommer, and Baldwin (2002) concluded that an extracurricular index score that represents the number of clubs in which students were involved, officer status, and hours spent significantly predicted interpersonal skills such as communication, initiative, decision making, and teamwork. However, a gap in the literature exists between operationalization of involvement theory and research design. Review of Realted Literature Music and sport activities are positive for all childrens wellbeing. Children who are involved in sports get higher school grades, have an increased sense of self-worth, nd are more likely to complete high school than children who are not involved in sport. Children involved in sports are also generally healthier due to their increased activity, and have stronger social networks than children who do not participate in sport. Children involved in music activities (such as learning a musical instrument) are often better adjusted, with increased academic performance, ability to think creatively, emotional understanding, and emotional expression. Children involved in music typically have better memory skills than those who are not musically trained. The Relationship Between Athletics and Academic Performance The impact that athletics has on academic performance has been debated over the years†some say the impact is positive, while others say it is negative. Early analysis of the effect of participation in sports on academic achievement produced inconsistent evidence (Broh, 2002, Para. 3). Even today, there is inconsistent evidence, but most research tends to lean toward the idea that participation in athletics does, in fact, improve academic performance. The result of one particular study indicated that with the exception of a few subgroups and outcomes, participation in sports is generally unrelated to educational achievement. Additional information from this study has found that playing sports in high school has no significant effect on grades or standardized test scores in the general student population (Broh, 2002, Para. ). Although this particular study produced a negative relationship between sports and academic performance, many demonstrate a positive relationship. Broh (2002) believes that participation in interscholastic sports promotes students development and social ties among students, parents, and schools, and these benefits explain the positive effect of participation on achievement (Para. 1). Longitudinal studies on school sports have suggested that suc h participation raises students grades and test scores (Broh, 2002, Para. 2). Stephens and Schaben performed a study looking at the number of sports each student played ana Its affect on acaaemlc perTormance. I ney noticea tnat students who participate in at least one sport each year outperformed those who participated in one or less, in class rank, overall GPA, and math GPA (Stephens Schaben, 2002, Para. 6). They also noticed that the students who participated in more sports for many seasons had a higher level of scholarship than the who had ompeted in only a few seasons or for only one year (Stephens Schaben, 2002, Para. ). Some research indicates that physical activity not only improves academic performance, but has an actual physical benefit for the mind. Shepard (1996) said, Regular physical activity might influence cognitive development by increasing cerebral blood flow, altering arousal and associate neruohormonal balance, changing nutritional status, or promoting the growth of interneuronal connections (Para. 12). Compared to other extracurricular a ctivities, however, athletics does not appear to produce as strong a positive correlation. Darling et al. 2005) found that students who did not participate in any extracurricular activities showed the poorest adjustment as far as grades, attitude toward school, and academic aspirations, while non-sport extracurricular activities showed the most positive adjustment, with sports related extracurricular activities in the middle (Para. 40). Guest and Schneider (2003) reported similar results, saying, In all schools, participation in non-sports extracurricular activities has a stronger association with being seen as a good student than does participation in sports (Para. 6). The question that some esearchers struggled with, however, is whether or not their research explains a cause-effect relationship. Studies report that it is not necessarily the participation in sports which is responsible for producing better grades, but it could be that good students are participating in sports. More recent studies have indicated that there is a large selection bias of higher-achieving, good students into participation in extracurricular activities, including sports (Broh, 2002, Para. 3). Guest and Schneider (2003) found that in higher-class communities, where a relatively large proportion of tudents go to college, non-sports extracurricular activities are likely to be seen as providing a foundation for further education and professional success (Para. 13). The Relationship Between Participation in Music and Academic Performance Studies reflect a strong positive relationship between participation in music and academic performance. Ponter (1999) suggested that music should be considered as fundamental to the curriculum as mathematics and reading (Para. ). Eady (2004) holds a similar view, believing that music can influence learning in core subjects as well as contribute to the attainment of core goals in learning (Para. ). This gives the impression that music plays an important role in academic performance. One study, which evaluated the effects that musical performance has on childrens academic performance and thinking abilities, showed that instrumental music trainin g uniquely enhances the higher brain functions required for mathematics, science, and engineering (Ponter, 1999, Para. 3). Milley conducted a case study on students involved in band and orchestra. He found that concert band and orchestra members scored significantly higher than non-music students on SRA (Science Research Associates) language, math, and composite score; that their GPAs were significantly higher than non-music students; and that they had significantly fewer days absent. I nls case study concluaea tnat muslc students reacn nlgner acaaemlc acnlevement levels in academic studies than non-music students (Kelstrom, 1998, Para. 6). Music continues to impact academic performance throughout a students educational career. Studies have been conducted on this relationship in students as young as preschool through college-aged students. In all age groups studied, music was proven to have a good impact on academic performance. The College Entrance Examination Board reported that high school students who had had some experience with music performance or music appreciation scored higher on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). The students who had a background in music scored between 51 to 61 points higher on the verbal section and 39 to 46 points higher on the math section than the students with no music background (Ponter, 1999, Para. 25). The College Board, who is responsible for administering the Scholastic Aptitude Test conducted studies, which indicated that music/art students consistently scored ignificantly higher on both the math and verbal sections of the SAT (Kelstrom, 1998, Para. 1). Confirming the belief that the relationship between music and academic performance is positive, researchers have found that music instruction actually enhances student achievement in areas outside music (Kelstrom, 1998, Para. 12). It is believed that music develops critical thinking skills and improves skills in reading, writing, and math. Music develops and improves spatial intelligence, which transfers to high-level math and science. It develops perceptual skills necessary in many academic areas (Kelstrom, 1998, Para. 31-32). According to this study, music has a strong influence, because it produces and develops skills needed for many academic processes. Journal of Leadership Education Volume 12, Issue 2 Summer 2013 56 Using Involvement Theory to Examine the Relationship between Undergraduate Participation in Extracurricular Activities and Leadership Development Elizabeth A. Foreman, Ph. D. Program Coordinator College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Iowa State University 20 Curtiss Hall Ames, IA 50011 51 5-294-4548 [emailprotected] edu Michael S. Retallick, Ph. D. Associate Professor Department of Agricultural Education 206 curass Hall 515-294-4810

Modern Education Changing For The Future Essays - Education

Modern Education: Changing for the Future Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Modern Education: Changing for the Future During the past few decades we have seen a shift from Industrial work to Information technology work. Recently our country has just recovered from an economic depression. This depression was a "wake up call" for many people, as they saw highly educated professionals loosing their jobs. Why, were these educated people loosing their jobs?-Did they break the rules, not get along with their bosses, or loose their cool? No, they did not have the flexibility, versatility, and cooperative skills that are needed in business for a changing economy. They were educated in a time when liberal art educations, and individualized work skills were taught at colleges. Layoffs were also due in part to the globilization of the economy. Cheaper labor can be found in other countries, which results in the closing of American factories or a drastic cut in pay for workers. Corporate downsizing, atomization, and an aging population have also contributed to this change in the type of work available (Rifkin 177). As most Americans used to be in the same economic bracket regardless of their line of work, today a worker's real competitive position in the world economy depends on what kind of job they have (Jacobus 253). Education is the key to creating the worker's demanded from businesses today. In aviation and other workplaces today, employers are not only looking for highly skilled workers, but for people who are flexible, work well with others and have good problem solving skills. Colleges must implement new teaching approaches and offer specialized degrees now, to prepare students for the needs of employers in the information-technology age. A workers must be flexible to be able to change and grow with the economy and the needs of employers is very important in today's job market. "With corporate downsizing and restructuring so prevalent, employers are demanding more of their employees. They must be more versatile and multi-task oriented (Schmiedl 29)." Employees must be able to move from one job to another, and learn new tasks quickly. The more education they have the easier it is to adapt to these changes (Carnoy 123). Continuing education is also becoming more prevalent for today's workers. To stay at the top of their fields in knowledge and technology, employees must constantly be up-dating their education (Schmiedl 29). Flexibility also ties in with the skill of working well with other people. To listen and interact with others in your profession, you must be flexible or open minded to their opinions, ideas and insights. Interaction with other employees and being a "people person" enforces cooperative skills. These cooperative skills can benefit the company as a whole, just as the Nobel Prize winner James Watson said "Nothing new that is really interesting comes with out collaboration (qtd. in Johnson 26)." These cooperative skills once taught only to management, now must be integrated to the employees, as many management positions have been eliminated. Workers must now possess a "management mentality," so that they can co-exist and work beneficially together (Carnoy 123). Problem solving skills are a necessity for even the simplest of jobs. A high order of problem solving skills are needed for more advanced positions jobs such as in aviation (pilots), and in computers and other technical jobs. Having the ability to work through problems to come up with a positive end result can be a long and arduous task. The people who have these problems solving skills can organize more learning, and help others to succeed in solving problems (Carnoy 123). Group cooperation heightens and speeds up the time in which it takes to solve problems. It makes for an easier and more efficient approach to problem solving. As you can see the three main qualities of flexibility, working well with others and problem solving are very closely linked. Workers must be flexible to work well with others, which is important in having better problems solving skills. Missing just one of these qualities dampens the ability of a worker to be the productive employee, which employers are looking for. These skills are not inherent and are difficult to learn. That is why they must be implemented early on in college. For years colleges have been ignoring the power of teamwork and the achievements that could not have been made with out it (Johnson 26). The problem lies itself within the faculty. It is their job to implement cooperative learning into classes, and make it work. This is not an easy task, which is why many professors