Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Essay on Emily Bronte Illusion and Reality - 3043 Words

A consideration of how Emily Bronte, Tennessee Williams and Shakespeare consider the notion of illusion and reality in the context of a love story. Wuthering Heights follows the Romantic Movement, a movement within literature during the late 18th century with captured intense emotion and passion within writing as opposed to rationalisation. Emily Bronte’s main focal point within the novel is the extreme emotion of love and whether it leads to the characters contentment or ultimate calamity. This confliction of love is portrayed mainly through Catherine Earnshaw, a contemptuous, spoiled beauty whose metaphysical love for the protagonist, Heathcliff, will be tested by her disillusion of Edgar Linton and the social and financial benefits he†¦show more content†¦As Cathy behaves mannerly and immaculate to conceal her true spiritual energy, Blanche behaves exactly the same with her frail image and glamour disguising not only her loss of wealth from the ancestral building the Belle Reve, but also to maintain a youthful image that men would have sexual attraction and admiration for. Blanches constant self-absorption is apparent through her selfishness of â€Å"soaking in the hot-tub† and â€Å"her little weakness† of perpetual need to be â€Å"looking wonderful†. Catherine similarly becomes self-absorbed with the idea of becoming â€Å"the greatest woman in the neighbourhood† so like Blanche she harbours herself from a young girl into a woman with pristine physical appearance to capture social benefits. Upon this transition within Catherine she advocates her superiority over Heathcliff by stating he is a â€Å"bleak, hilly, coal country† harshly contrasting him against her new companion, Edgar, who appears a â€Å"beautiful, fertile valley†. In relation to David Cecil’s theory the environment Cathy associates her best friends with mirrors the true nature of the storm and the calm. Furthermore these quotations give reference to the importance of social class during Emily Bronte’s time; whilst wealthy individuals would have a more desirable image,Show MoreRelatedTrapped in the Body of Society1483 Words   |  6 PagesBorn in the beautiful, wet and green country of England in 1818, Emily Jane Brontà « would g row up and write one of the literary world’s most acclaimed work of literature. Before she wrote Wuthering Heights in 1847, Emily Brontà « came from a very creative household as both of her sisters, Charlotte and Anne Brontà «, were also writers with whom Emily would enjoy spending time with writing prose and poetry. Because the Brontà « sisters lived a strongly patriarchal society where the ideal Victorian womanRead MoreJean Luc Godards Weekend as Didactic Self-Reflexive Cinema1916 Words   |  8 PagesPrince in Movies and Meaning: an Introduction to Film, Screen Reality is a concept that pertains to the principles of time, space, character behavior and audiovisual design that filmmakers systematically organize in a given film to create an ordered world on-screen in which characters may act and in which a narrative may unfold.(262) One mode of cinematic screen reality is self-reflexivity. While the other three modes of screen reality seek to sway the audience into accepting the authenticity ofRead More Jean Luc Godard?s Weekend as Didactic Self-Reflexive Cinema Essay1878 Words   |  8 PagesPrince in Movies and Meaning: an Introduction to Film, Screen Reality is a concept that pertains to the principles of time, space, character behavior and audiovisual design that filmmakers systematically organize in a given film to create an ordered world on-screen in which characters may act and in which a narrative may unfold.(262) One mode of cinematic screen reality is self-reflexivity. While the other three modes of screen reality seek to sway the audience into accepting the authenticity ofRead MoreLeaves And Survivor Essay2472 Words   |  10 PagesCollege says â€Å"Cervantes Don Quixote †¦ explores the role of illusion and reality in life and was the single most important progenitor of the modern novel.† ( ) The development of the realistic novel owes much of its elements to Don Quixote. ( ) The major seventeenth-century philosophers, Descartes and Locke, were a huge influence on the new form of literature. They taught the importance of individual experience and believed that reality could be discovered through them. ( ) Another prominent figureRead MoreDiscuss the Theme of Love and Longing in the Poems You Have Studied.2783 Words   |  12 Pagescentury, is representative of a more realistic approach to the experiences than the poet’s who write pre nineteenth century. It demonstra tes despair but without the idealistic depiction of a desire to be reunited with the lover. â€Å"Remembrance† by Emily Bronte was written in the 1820’s. She was born in 1918, in the small village of Haworth on the wild and bleak Yorkshire moors, she died in 1948. Although her life was relatively short she is an unforgettable author and poet. The very title â€Å"Remembrance†Read MoreDiscuss the Theme of Love and Longing in the Poems You Have Studied.2799 Words   |  12 Pagescentury, is representative of a more realistic approach to the experiences than the poet’s who write pre nineteenth century. It demonstrates despair but without the idealistic depiction of a desire to be reunited with the lover. â€Å"Remembrance† by Emily Bronte was written in the 1820’s. She was born in 1918, in the small village of Haworth on the wild and bleak Yorkshire moors, she died in 1948. Although her life was relatively short she is an unforgettable author and poet. The very title â€Å"Remembrance†Read MoreGatsby Idealism And Reality2039 Words   |  9 PagesCarraway the way he views Daisy is messy and imperfect so she only exists that way to him. Due to it only being written in first person point of view the story holds a certain biased opinion of Daisy that affects the opinion of Gatsby. For Gatsby reality, or reality as he knows it, is fundamentally mentally constructed and is otherwise immaterial; meaning that the only Daisy that exists is the one Gatsby is conscious of. Although the Daisy that exists for Gatsby is the only conscious version of herselfRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagescitizens was stability and rising standards of living. Artists of ‘Pre- Raphaelite Brotherhood’ claimed to write only true about nature, concentrate only on the true ideas. These three years saw the rise of such works: of Bronte sisters’ Poems, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, Emily Bronte’s Wuthering H eights, William Thackeray’s Vanity Fair. The Following twenty years could be seen as the high period of ‘Victorian novel’. Despite being a mixture of boom and slump, the years of 1850-1870 were recognizedRead More Women’s Self-Discovery During Late American Romanticism / Early Realism3300 Words   |  14 Pageshave a great contribution to women’s literature. Woolson did see success as a writer during her time to some degree but her soul wish was â€Å"to be taken as seriously as the writers she most admired—Dickens, her uncle James Fenimore Cooper, Charlotte Bronte, George Elliot, George Sand, and Turgenev among them. One of the main focuses of her writings is â€Å"the marginalization of women who pursue education or art† (Baym 1482).. Her short story Miss Grief signifies the direct impression made on a womanRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay6491 Words   |  26 Pagesgreatest of adroitness and emotion. Maybe that is how he has endeared himself to the entire world and why his leg end will live for eternity. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of Hemingway’s resounding qualities is that his writing has the quality of reality and not idealism. For him, writing is truth, honesty, and sincerity. Hemingway writes of what he knows and what he has experienced and he does so in the most direct and objective way possible. With no space for ambiguity, every word on every page

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The American Workplace Has Changed Its Structure And...

Yaniris Tavera Soc of Work SOC 362-OL-010 Final Assignment As the American workplace has adapted its structure and culture to outside forces, the adaptations (such as location of jobs, changes in needed job skills, and organizational restructuring) have had an impact on employees and their families. Describe the way these adaptations have affected workers and families and analyze the responses of workers and families. Work and its role in society has become the subject of considerable public commentary and debate in recent years. Work, for many Americans, has changed significantly over the past 25 years. Some people believe that the world of work is changing so thoroughly and quickly that we should consider ourselves pioneers of a new historical era. Some say that the idea of a job has become antiquated. Thirty-eight percent of Americans report some tension between their work and home lives. Today’s highly publicized work/life balance conflicts are multiple, and their nature differs significantly depending on the jobs individuals have and on their family situations. Tensions between work and family life clearly have implications for the well-being of individuals and their children and ramifications for society in general. Yet because the personal needs, desires, motivations, and economic circumstances of Americans are so varied, there appears to be no single way to resolve these tensions , no universal best practices with regard to work/life balance. For example,Show MoreRelatedHow Divorce Has Shaped The Culture And Affected The Future Of Our Children964 Words   |  4 PagesChamberlain School of Nursingâ€Æ' Divorce How divorce has shaped the culture and affected the future of our children. Divorce has become more acceptable and common in our culture. A divorce not only involves the parents, children are included too. The family structure varies across America and couples divorce for different reasons such as abuse in the home, infidelity, addiction issues, religion, and the list can continue. When a couple decides to use divorce to solve any marital conflicts thereRead MoreComparing Structure And Culture Of The Same Industry Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pages1. Compare structure and culture of two or more firms in the same industry. Which would you prefer to work for? The two firms being compared were google and apple, both firms dominate the intersection of technology and consumer access. In addition they both compete across a huge range of sub-industries such as computing software, hardware, operating systems, applications and web browsing amongst others. However each firm takes a different approach from an organizational perspective. 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If these challenges get the best of a family, it has the potentialRead MoreEthical Challenges Faced By Mcdonald s1338 Words   |  6 Pagesindustrialization has influenced international business and ethics to consider a different approach to culture. There are certain perspectives to culture which demand change in the organizational and managerial functions. International companies today formulate separate business plans to strategically overcome cultura l and ethical challenges in host countries. Globalization has internationally integrated the world with respect to products, ideas and different aspects of culture. The word culture regulatesRead MoreManaging Diversity in the Workplace Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagesmarket place give many benefits for organizations. Global managers gain more knowledge on internal diversity in order to maximize the efficiency of their workforce and increase profit margins for their companies. Diversification of the American workforce has changed the way managers interact with their employees. This diversification is due, in part to tighter labor markets, increased immigration, and women entering the workforce. Cultural factors, not present before, have caused managers to developRead MoreRacism : A Long Way From The End Of Colonialism Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesRacism Transition from Domination to Hegemony Historically, United States battle against racism has come a long way from the days of colonialism, slavery, racial hierarchies, racial demarcated reserves, strict policies and segregation. And yet, discrimination and inequality continue to persist in our society. Howard Winant, an American sociologist and race theorist, stated that, â€Å"the meaning of racism has changed over time. The attitudes, practices and institutions of epochs of colonialism, segregation†¦Read MoreSystematic Study of Organizational Behavior Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagesof concerns. In today’s workplace of diverse cultures and values, managers must be able to adapt their work styles and behaviors to the differences of the individuals in their workforce. There is a temptation for managers in many American companies to believe that, although institutions are different, managers in other countries make the same assumptions that they do (Likierman, 2006). This is a temptation American managers must resist as the global workplace is very different based on theRead MoreOrganizational Structure and Culture Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pagesthe basics of understanding the very design, structure, and culture that are appropriate in fulfilling the goals of that organization. Experts say that organizational structure and culture should work in tandem - as a team within the organization. It is important for organizations to â€Å"understand the difference between the two aspects because they can have a major influence on the firm’s success or failure.† John (2013). Organizational culture comes from the founders of the organization andRead MoreWho Is The Real Bully?1712 Words   |  7 PagesDaniel Mora November 20, 2014 WRTG 101s Who is the real bully? Bullying has one of the most deadly outcomes in the world; it can corrupt futures and lives. There are roughly 4,400 suicide deaths per year that are related or in results of bullying. You can save lives on a daily basis by staying aware and having an understanding of bullying and how to prevent the dangers of it. Bullying is a commonly understood topic around the world, but there are many unknown facts and situations that people aren’t

Correlation of Extracurricular activities and Student performance Essay Example For Students

Correlation of Extracurricular activities and Student performance Essay Correlation of Extracurricular activities and Student performance BY LOUNY143 l. Intoduction At the beginning of the twenty-first century, many colleges and universities have a broad educational mission: to develop the whole student. On college campuses, extracurricular involvement is a key tool in this personal development. For the majority of college and university students, involvement in extracurricular activities plays an integral role in the collegiate experience. Students become involved in extracurricular activities not only for entertainment, social, and enjoyment purposes, but most important, to gain and improve skills. A wide and diversified range of extracurricular activities exists on U. S. campuses, meeting a variety of student interests. Extracurricular activities play an essential role in education, but their importance is often neglected. The primary role of the Division is to provide a good space for the development of student clubs and associations. In the operation of associations, students may acquire knowledge and skills beyond their coursework, including communication, self-growth as well as leadership management. Academics are an important part of each students high school years, especially since high school rades play an integral role in college acceptance. Parents spend a lot of time encouraging their teens to study more and play less in the pursuit of this goal. They believe that devoting a great deal of time to studying guarantees success in future college applications. However, there is another more playful component of a well-rounded education outside the regular academic program that may positively impact students success. Extracurricular activities, such as basketball, baseball, tennis, debating, chess clubs, student government, yearbook, drama, choir and computer clubs can round out students academic careers to great effect. Besides being fun and a great way to socialize with peers, extracurricular activities can enhance students time management and stress management skills, improving overall productivity. Extracurricular activities also increase a candidates appeal when applying to college. Studies show that students in extracurricular activities have higher scores. They learn to manage their time, relieve stress and learn to strive for excellence in more than one thing, says Kenny Smith, a school counselor in Thatcher, Arizona. Students who are involved in team sports learn to work in groups. Their written and oral communication skills improve. These things cross over into real life. The students who participate in extracurricular activities are held to a higher plane. There are no team breaks. The privilege must meet specific requirements. Participation in extracurricular activities is a privilege and students may have to meet and maintain a minimum grade point average to play sports or take part in clubs. So says Parent Spot, produced by the Capital Region BOCES Community Service in Albany, N. Y. Some extracurricular programs are designed to help at-risk teens. One program, Students Keeping Attitudes Towards Earnlng Rewards ana success ( -J, In Moreno valley, callTornla, Involves tutoring, academics, running a food pantry, and participatin g in service learning activities. To make it easier for students to participate, the group meets at lunchtime rather than after school. Having started with 20 at-risk students, there are now as many as 500 participants per year. Faye Arco is the counselor who started the SKATERS program. She says, Participation in extracurricular and school club activities increases resiliency in youth by promoting protective factors and reducing risk factors. Data shows that participants have a higher GPA (0. 98 percent), fewer suspensions (13. 9 percent), and better attendance (15. 8 percent) than non- participants. Counselors come from as far away as New Zealand and Poland to observe the program, which has now been implemented in many schools. Adding extracurricular activities to an already rigorous high school schedule can be tricky. There may be times when academic requirements, family life and social activities conflict. For example, kids who participate in tennis must prioritize how they use their time, says Smith. He tells the story of one student who had a conflict between n algebra class and a tennis match. Being proactive, she worked out a way to attend the match and still keep up with her algebra class lectures. Despite the time and effort involved in extracurricular activities, there are clear rewards in the form of fun and enhanced life skills. But theres also the fact that college admission officers are generally impressed by a students extracurricular activities. Parent Spot notes, College admissions officers are looking for students who have applied themselves academically during the high school years and have used their free time in enriching ays A roster of extracurricular activities lets colleges know that teens have made a meaningful contribution to something larger than themselves, can maintain long- term commitments and can Juggle their priorities successfully. How do colleges view the extracurricular activities chosen by a high school student? The activities offer colleges a snapshot of a students personality and interests. Parent Spot notes, The activities that teens choose to take part in outside of the classroom tell prospective schools much more than grades on paper. Overall, students who articipate in extracurricular activities will likely see an improvement in their academic and life skills, including disci pline, goal-setting, teamwork, accountability and responsibility. They will also find themselves better prepared for post-secondary education. Ultimately, students may even discover that the lessons they learned outside the classroom, in basketball or chess club, help them cope with future challenges in the workplace. A. Rationale The Importance of Extra-curricular Activities in educational institutions All work and no play make Jack a dull boy, reads the proverb which carries a lot of eight age. Hence in educational institutions also children must not be a part of only the academic world but must be encouraged to participate in extra-curricular activities. It might happen that some children might not be good in academics but has a lot of potential in other activities. So it is the responsibility of every educational institution to encourage children to marshal their skills by allowing them to partlclpate In tne extra-curricular actlvltles tnat tney are good In All work ana no play make Jack a dull boy, reads the proverb which carries a lot of weight age. Hence in ducational institutions also children must not be a part of only the academic world but must be encouraged to participate in extra-curricular activities. It might happen that some children might not be good in academics but has a lot of potential in other activities. So it is the responsibility of every educational institution to encourage children to marshal their skills by allowing them to participate in the extra-curricular activities that they are good in. Extra-curricular activities must be made a mandatory part of the curriculum as it enhances the all round development in a child. A childs growth depends upon many factors and one such factor is his participation in co- curricular activities. Schools must have these activities in order to promote healthy learning on the school premises and for each child to understand and know his strong points. Extra- curricular activities can be divided under different banners such as Literary, Sports, Creative, Science and Field Trips. Under the Literary Banner, activities like Elocution, Drama, Extempore, Declamation, Creative Writing, Spell bee, Quizzes can be organized and children who have a good command over the language r has the flair to write, are updated with the current affairs can be motivated to participate in these literary co- curricular activities. Children who are good sportsmen can take part in various sports activities organized by the school. A school may organize a football competition and may invite other schools to participate in the competition. This provides a lot of scope for the children to show their sportsman spirit and give their best to win the game and make their school proud. Moreover such participation creates a healthy atmosphere among children and they get to now each other well. Extra-curricular activities under the Creative banner may include pottery making, puppetry, learning how to play a musical instrument, displaying skills in dance and singing and many such activities that highlight the hidden talents of a learner. Similarly children can be also encouraged to participate in interesting activities related to Science. They might be asked to organize a Science Exhibition that may bring out the interest and the enthusiasm of each child in setting up the exhibition. These activities might allow the child to take more interest in his essons and might give him a chance to go ahead with some sort of useful research that will help him to come across something new. Children can also apply the gained knowledge in working out other things. All students may not be good in academics. Hence in order to guide them to display the talents in the field that they are good in, educational institutions must have this platform called Extra-curricular activity. Every child is unique and born with a talent, so what other way can be the best than to showcase it through this platform called Extra-curricular Activity. B. Statement of the Problem Title: The Correlation of Extra-curricular Activities on the Academic Performance of NORSU-CASED Students 1 . Is there any significance of extra-curricular activities in the academic performance of the students? 2. To determine the benefits of extra- curricular activities to class participation of the students. 3. To determine the characteristics that will be developed when students engage to activities specifically : a sports/aance b) Music 4. To determine how extra-curricular activities enhance school engagement affect the lives of the students . C. Scope and Limitation The D. Significance of the Study The importance of extracurricular activities on college campuses is well established. The primary goals of extracurricular activities focus on the individual student level, the institutional level, and the broader community level. Social Identity in the Breakfast Club EssayIntroduction A new generation of leaders is needed to address the changing issues facing local ommunities, build local partnerships, and assume leadership positions (Ewing, Bruce, Ricketts, 2009). To meet this need, many institutions of higher education have included leadership development in their mission statements (Astin Astin, 2000; Boatman, 1999) and implemented curricular experiences, classroom experiences, and out-of-classroom experiences to meet leadership outcomes. Astin (1999) suggests the concept of student involvement as a pedagogical theory to examine the student experience and learn more about how educational programs and policies are related to student achievement and development. Journal of Leadership Education Volume 12, Issue 2 Summer 2013 57 Researchers and practitioners use involvement theory (Astin, 1999) as a theoretical framework for student involvement, including classroom, out-of-classroom, and curricular activities. Astin (1996) defined involvement as an investment of physical and psychological energy that occurs along a continuum and has both quantitative (e. g. , time spent) and qualitative (e. g. , amount of focus or depth) features. Astin aescrlDea an Involved student as one wno devotes conslaeraDle energy to stuaylng, pends much time on campus, participates actively in student organizations, and interacts frequently with faculty members and other students (p. 518). Astins theoretical framework helps explain empirical knowledge about environmental influences on student development from a variety of psychosocial and learning pedagogies. Research supports Astins (1999) involvement theory. Pascarella and Terenzini (1991) found that the frequency and quality of students participation in activities was associated with high educational aspirations, enhanced self-confidence, and increased interpersonal and leadership skills. Rubin, Bommer, and Baldwin (2002) concluded that an extracurricular index score that represents the number of clubs in which students were involved, officer status, and hours spent significantly predicted interpersonal skills such as communication, initiative, decision making, and teamwork. However, a gap in the literature exists between operationalization of involvement theory and research design. Review of Realted Literature Music and sport activities are positive for all childrens wellbeing. Children who are involved in sports get higher school grades, have an increased sense of self-worth, nd are more likely to complete high school than children who are not involved in sport. Children involved in sports are also generally healthier due to their increased activity, and have stronger social networks than children who do not participate in sport. Children involved in music activities (such as learning a musical instrument) are often better adjusted, with increased academic performance, ability to think creatively, emotional understanding, and emotional expression. Children involved in music typically have better memory skills than those who are not musically trained. The Relationship Between Athletics and Academic Performance The impact that athletics has on academic performance has been debated over the years†some say the impact is positive, while others say it is negative. Early analysis of the effect of participation in sports on academic achievement produced inconsistent evidence (Broh, 2002, Para. 3). Even today, there is inconsistent evidence, but most research tends to lean toward the idea that participation in athletics does, in fact, improve academic performance. The result of one particular study indicated that with the exception of a few subgroups and outcomes, participation in sports is generally unrelated to educational achievement. Additional information from this study has found that playing sports in high school has no significant effect on grades or standardized test scores in the general student population (Broh, 2002, Para. ). Although this particular study produced a negative relationship between sports and academic performance, many demonstrate a positive relationship. Broh (2002) believes that participation in interscholastic sports promotes students development and social ties among students, parents, and schools, and these benefits explain the positive effect of participation on achievement (Para. 1). Longitudinal studies on school sports have suggested that suc h participation raises students grades and test scores (Broh, 2002, Para. 2). Stephens and Schaben performed a study looking at the number of sports each student played ana Its affect on acaaemlc perTormance. I ney noticea tnat students who participate in at least one sport each year outperformed those who participated in one or less, in class rank, overall GPA, and math GPA (Stephens Schaben, 2002, Para. 6). They also noticed that the students who participated in more sports for many seasons had a higher level of scholarship than the who had ompeted in only a few seasons or for only one year (Stephens Schaben, 2002, Para. ). Some research indicates that physical activity not only improves academic performance, but has an actual physical benefit for the mind. Shepard (1996) said, Regular physical activity might influence cognitive development by increasing cerebral blood flow, altering arousal and associate neruohormonal balance, changing nutritional status, or promoting the growth of interneuronal connections (Para. 12). Compared to other extracurricular a ctivities, however, athletics does not appear to produce as strong a positive correlation. Darling et al. 2005) found that students who did not participate in any extracurricular activities showed the poorest adjustment as far as grades, attitude toward school, and academic aspirations, while non-sport extracurricular activities showed the most positive adjustment, with sports related extracurricular activities in the middle (Para. 40). Guest and Schneider (2003) reported similar results, saying, In all schools, participation in non-sports extracurricular activities has a stronger association with being seen as a good student than does participation in sports (Para. 6). The question that some esearchers struggled with, however, is whether or not their research explains a cause-effect relationship. Studies report that it is not necessarily the participation in sports which is responsible for producing better grades, but it could be that good students are participating in sports. More recent studies have indicated that there is a large selection bias of higher-achieving, good students into participation in extracurricular activities, including sports (Broh, 2002, Para. 3). Guest and Schneider (2003) found that in higher-class communities, where a relatively large proportion of tudents go to college, non-sports extracurricular activities are likely to be seen as providing a foundation for further education and professional success (Para. 13). The Relationship Between Participation in Music and Academic Performance Studies reflect a strong positive relationship between participation in music and academic performance. Ponter (1999) suggested that music should be considered as fundamental to the curriculum as mathematics and reading (Para. ). Eady (2004) holds a similar view, believing that music can influence learning in core subjects as well as contribute to the attainment of core goals in learning (Para. ). This gives the impression that music plays an important role in academic performance. One study, which evaluated the effects that musical performance has on childrens academic performance and thinking abilities, showed that instrumental music trainin g uniquely enhances the higher brain functions required for mathematics, science, and engineering (Ponter, 1999, Para. 3). Milley conducted a case study on students involved in band and orchestra. He found that concert band and orchestra members scored significantly higher than non-music students on SRA (Science Research Associates) language, math, and composite score; that their GPAs were significantly higher than non-music students; and that they had significantly fewer days absent. I nls case study concluaea tnat muslc students reacn nlgner acaaemlc acnlevement levels in academic studies than non-music students (Kelstrom, 1998, Para. 6). Music continues to impact academic performance throughout a students educational career. Studies have been conducted on this relationship in students as young as preschool through college-aged students. In all age groups studied, music was proven to have a good impact on academic performance. The College Entrance Examination Board reported that high school students who had had some experience with music performance or music appreciation scored higher on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). The students who had a background in music scored between 51 to 61 points higher on the verbal section and 39 to 46 points higher on the math section than the students with no music background (Ponter, 1999, Para. 25). The College Board, who is responsible for administering the Scholastic Aptitude Test conducted studies, which indicated that music/art students consistently scored ignificantly higher on both the math and verbal sections of the SAT (Kelstrom, 1998, Para. 1). Confirming the belief that the relationship between music and academic performance is positive, researchers have found that music instruction actually enhances student achievement in areas outside music (Kelstrom, 1998, Para. 12). It is believed that music develops critical thinking skills and improves skills in reading, writing, and math. Music develops and improves spatial intelligence, which transfers to high-level math and science. It develops perceptual skills necessary in many academic areas (Kelstrom, 1998, Para. 31-32). According to this study, music has a strong influence, because it produces and develops skills needed for many academic processes. Journal of Leadership Education Volume 12, Issue 2 Summer 2013 56 Using Involvement Theory to Examine the Relationship between Undergraduate Participation in Extracurricular Activities and Leadership Development Elizabeth A. Foreman, Ph. D. Program Coordinator College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Iowa State University 20 Curtiss Hall Ames, IA 50011 51 5-294-4548 [emailprotected] edu Michael S. Retallick, Ph. D. Associate Professor Department of Agricultural Education 206 curass Hall 515-294-4810